How do bloodborne pathogens affect the body?

Hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are all infections that can have serious effects on the human body.

Hepatitis B

• Transmission: It can be transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, and other bodily fluids.

• Symptoms: Include fatigue, lack of appetite, abdominal pain, nausea, and jaundice.

• Duration: It can be a short-term illness for some but may become a chronic condition for others.

• Complications: Long-term infection can lead to serious health issues, such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. Some cases may require a liver transplant.

Hepatitis C

• Transmission: Primarily through blood-to-blood contact, often associated with sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia.

• Symptoms: Similar to hepatitis B, but many people with HCV are initially asymptomatic.

• Duration: More than half of those infected may develop a chronic infection.

• Complications: Chronic HCV infection can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and other liver-related issues.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

• Transmission: It is primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing of contaminated needles, and from an infected mother to her child during childbirth or breastfeeding.

• Symptoms: Initial symptoms may include flu-like symptoms, but HIV often progresses without noticeable symptoms.

• Duration: At this point, there is no cure for HIV.

• Complications: If untreated, HIV can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition where the immune system is severely compromised. This makes the individual more susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.

It's important to note that all of these infections can have long-term health consequences, and early detection and appropriate medical care are crucial. Prevention measures, such as practicing safe sex, avoiding sharing needles, and receiving vaccinations (in the case of hepatitis B), are essential in reducing the risk of these infections. Regular testing and early intervention can also improve outcomes for those who are already infected.